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| timezone1 = ART | utc_offset1 = -3 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = | footnotes = }} Marambio Base ((スペイン語:Base Marambio)) is a permanent, all year-round Argentine Antarctic base named after Vice-Commodore Gustavo Argentino Marambio, an Antarctic aviation pioneer. It is located in Marambio Island, Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula, some from the coastal civilian village of Esperanza. At the time of its construction it was the first airfield in Antarctica and is still one of the most frequently used ones due to its suitability for wheeled landing, for which it is called "Antarctica's Entrance Door" ((スペイン語:Puerta de Entrada a la Antártida)). It is also Argentina's most important base in the continent.〔name=fa1/> Marambio is one of 13 research bases in Antarctica operated by Argentina. ==History== The increased Antarctic activity that Argentina developed since 1940 created the need for an aviation runway operable throughout the year for wheeled units. The flight of Vice-Commodore Mario Luis Olezza to the South Pole, the newly built United States McMurdo Station and the frequent operations launched from the Matienzo Base showed the need to secure better transport and communications in the sector.〔 The Argentine Air Force set about to find a suitable spot to mount an airport. On 25 November 1968, two helicopters operating from the icebreaker ARA ''General San Martín'' descended on the Marambio Island as part of such survey. Their report favoring the place was decisive: it lacked large obstacles that could trouble aircraft maneuvering, and its long plateau was virtually free of ice.〔 On 30 August 1969, an Air Force team led by Vice-Commodore Olezza occupied the island, carrying with them the elements needed for the construction of the projected landing track. When initially opened, the ''05/23''-oriented runway had a length of . It was the first one in the continent. The task took three months of work and culminated when a de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver, set with conventional wheels, took off from Matienzo Base and landed on the new airport. Before the end of October the runway had already reached . The base was founded on 29 October 1969. That day a Fokker F-27 Friendship of the Argentine Air Force manned by Vice-Commodore Erwin Roberto Kern, left Rio Gallegos and landed directly in Marambio Base, carrying on board civil and military authorities.〔 It was the first aircraft taking off in another continent and landing in Antarctica using conventional landing gear:〔 Antarctica was no longer an isolated place; from that day onwards all domestic and foreign Antarctic bases got interconnected with the rest of the world throughout the year. It was the most important Antarctic event in the decade.〔 By April 1970 the runway had reached long and wide.〔 On 11 April 1970 the Argentine Air Force began landing their C-130 Hercules on Antarctica when the TC-61 commanded by Commodore Arturo Athos Gandolfi landed in Marambio, starting a long-standing and uninterrupted tradition of air-supplying the Antarctic Argentine bases from the mainland.〔 and the Fokker F-28 Fellowship presidential aircraft T-01 ''Patagonia'' was the first jet to land in Antarctica when it touched down at Marambio on 28 July 1973, 13:28 h.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marambio Base」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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